نشریه مطالعات زن و خانواده
سال سوم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1394)

Most jurists believe that the wife upon marriage, is the owner of dowry and she is allowed to seal all types of dispossession. But sometimes the wife doesn’t receive her dowry; now the problem is that whether she is allowed any possession when she has not obtained her dowry? This problem has been proposed in juridical books, and the issue led to the assumption of some jurists citing reasons to her unjustifiability of possessions. This investigation has been done for the purpose of clarifying and reviewing the mentioned issue.
The authors of the study, using descriptive and analyzing methods, and research on the terms used by jurists and their reasons and after categorizing all kinds of wife possessions in dowry, found the generalizations of this claim unwarranted and only in “EYNI” contracts that one of the sides of contract is not the husband, that the wife is allowed to take the dowry. But in wife’s absolute possessions to husband as well as non- “EYNI contracts” in relation to the person which is not her husband, taking dowry has no role and her possession is allowed. The reasons for this issue are initial regulations and general reasons for optionality of owner possession in her/his assets and specialist out of the failure to receive a dowry from reasons of interdiction of owner from possession before taking that asset.

This research aimed at exploring the effectiveness of encouragement training on promotion of general self-efficacy and resiliency of household-headed women. Research method was semi-experimental and in the form of pretest and post-test with control group. Samples containing 28 household-headed women were selected by voluntary sampling and they were assigned randomly in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 120 minutes training, whereas the control group didnt receive any training. Both groups were evaluated by the General self-Efficacy Scale (Sherer, 1982) and Resiliency scale (Conner & Davidson, 2003) before and after the training intervention. Results showed that a significant difference between experimental and control group, and this difference was in advantage of the trained group; encouragement training significantly increased the general self-efficacy and resilience of household-headed females in experimental group. Encouragement training can promote the general self-efficacy and resiliency of the female-headed household.

Throughout history women were not only responsible for the reproduction and education of children, but also had a significant role in peace and security of family. That is why the study of factors influencing their attitudes toward strengthening families is the main objective of this research and has a particular importance. This research was done on women faculty and staff members of Payam Noor Universities of Hamadan province. The study was sociological in approach and its method was survey. Data was collected from questionnaires using simple multistage sampling method and subjects were 192 persons. Results showed that social factors (74.11%), emotional factors (70.24%), belief factors (69.5%), politicalfactors (51.8), culturalfactors (39.64­­ %) and finally economicfactors (33.94­ %) respectivelyaffectedtheconsolidation of the family.­The end results of stepwise regression indicated that cultural, social and emotional factors (0.721 = R) were the most explanatory variables in strengthening the families anddespite expectation, the economic variable had little effect and was not entered in the explanation test. The belief variable also had a negative effect which was due to modern lifestyle and the use of foreign media. Basic strategies for strengthening families include teaching men to have an appropriate social behavior and express their interest and love toward their wife, havecompliance in accordance with their own cultural lifestyleand media literacy education.

For a long time it was thought that homogeneity in characteristics like personality, age, economic social conditions, education, values, religious beliefs, ethnicity, etc. causes satisfaction and durability of marriages. But recent research shave not approved all the mentioned hypotheses. Since the formation of families, prominent people have tried to help couples and families in solving their problems, compatibilities and their growth. In this regard, Meta-analysis defines the research rate of couple therapy effects, by integrating the obtained results from different investigations. The main purpose of current research is to evaluate the rate of effectiveness of couple therapys on increasing the marriage satisfaction by using the Meta-analysis to do the study, 8 researches were selected among 25 researches that were accepted with regards to the cognitive methods and then the Meta-analysis was done on them. The instrument used for this research, included the check-list for Meta-analysis .The measure of effectiveness was 0.26, and was significant (P

If organization managers are informed about their employee's satisfaction, they can promote organizations with logical programming. This paper attempts to explore the Job satisfactions of women employees at Alzahra University from the leadership styles perspective. It also looks at how to conform to the specific roles of women employees at Alzahra University, and thus, how to Increase the quality of work. In this research two questionnaires about Job satisfaction and leadership styles were administered. In the research methodology SPSS and Chi-square test and Pearson Factor were used. Results of this research showed women employees have more satisfaction from middle-level men managers than middle-level women managers. That is, leadership style of middle-level men managers was relationship-oriented; whereas middle-level women leadership styles was work and task-oriented. The outcomes of the research suggest a careful understanding of the academic atmosphere and institutional maturity of the scientific-cultural environment and sophistication of women employees at Alzahra University. This is also indicative of the satisfaction of the employees from positive middle-level-men managers under a glass ceiling, in comparison to how the middle-level women managers tried to make a statement to prove themselves.

Iran as a developing country (in terms of age and development level), has experienced rapid fertility decline in recent years. Fertility and childbearing are closely related to biologic and social conditions of humans. The purpose of this study was to identify the connection of social factors with fertility tendency. Using multi-stage cluster sampling measurement method, the data was obtained from 460 married women 15 to 50 years in Tabriz. The findings of multi and two purpose analysis results showed that religious belief is one of the most important factors in women’s tendencies to fertility. As shown in the results of multi-stage regression, the major part of tendency to fertility is religious belief (21%). Totally, religious belief, ideal number of children, social capital, the residence period in Tabriz and social status determine 30% of tendency to fertility. Findings of analysis showed that women’s age and social status have maximum and minimum effect on fertility, respectively. Finally, Bongaarts, Notestein, Leibenstein and Becker (1986) theories and also theories of social status, religious beliefs and social capital are appropriate in determining the relationship between social factors and tendency to fertility.